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--- emf [2019/12/22 13:52]
bpaddock Added 6G and Stuffin.space.
+++ emf [2019/12/22 14:15]
bpaddock Added beamforming info.
@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 {{:emf:21915-100.pdf |Complete 5G Standard Release 15 March 2019}}
 {{http://www.3gpp.org|5G Standard Site}}
+----
+====== Beamforming ======
+As mmWaves do not travel great distances a technique known as 'Beamforming' is used to enhance the signal by targeting your cell phone with the antenna energy.
+"Massive MIMO and Beamforming: The Signal Processing Behind the 5G Buzzwords"
+by Claire Masterson.
+"... Beamforming is a word that means different things to different people. Beamforming is the ability to adapt the radiation pattern of the antenna array to a particular scenario. In the cellular communications space, many people think of beamforming as steering a lobe of power in a particular direction toward a user, as shown in the figure ..."
+https://www.analog.com/en/analog-dialogue/articles/massive-mimo-and-beamforming-the-signal-processing-behind-the-5g-buzzwords.html
+"Phased Array Beamforming ICs Simplify Antenna Design"
+by Keith Benson.
+https://www.analog.com/en/analog-dialogue/articles/phased-array-beamforming-ics-simplify-antenna-design.html
+"... A phased array antenna is a collection of antenna elements assembled together such that the radiation pattern of each individual element constructively combines with neighboring antennas to form an effective radiation pattern called the main lobe. The main lobe transmits radiated energy in the desired location while the antenna is designed to destructively interfere with signals in undesired directions, forming nulls and side lobes. The antenna array is designed to maximize the energy radiated in the main lobe while reducing the energy radiated in the side lobes to an acceptable level. The direction of radiation can be manipulated by changing the phase of the signal fed into each antenna element. ..."
+"Bits to Beams: RF Technology Evolution for 5G Millimeter Wave Radios"
+by Thomas Cameron.
+https://www.analog.com/en/technical-articles/bits-to-beams-rf-technology-evolution-for-5g-millimeter-wave-radios.html
+"An Interview with Analog Devices Discussing RF Electronics for Phased Array Applications"
+by Peter Delos.
+https://www.analog.com/en/technical-articles/an-interview-with-analog-devices-discussing-rf-electronics-for-phased-array-applications.html
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